Резюме

Cоколова О.О. Вивчення динаміки накопичення елементів у кошиках соняшника однорічного.

Вперше вивчено динаміку накопичення макро- та мікроелементів у кошиках соняшника однорічного у залежності від фази вегетації. З макроелементів у найбільшій кількості у кошиках накопичувались калій, кальцій і магній. Вміст калію та кальцію був максимальним у період цвітіння. З мікроелементів у кошиках соняшника однорічного у найбільшій кількості накопичувались алюміній, залізо, марганець, цинк. Вміст цинку, алюмінію, заліза та міді був максимальним у період бутонізації, а вміст марганцю – початку цвітіння. Вміст важких металів знаходився в межах вимог гранично допустимих концентрацій для сировини та харчових продуктів.

Ключові слова: соняшник однорічний, мінеральні речовини, макроелементі, мікроелементі.

Резюме

Соколова О.А. Изучение динамики накопления элементов в корзинках подсолнечника однолетнего.

Впервые изучена динамика накопления макро- и микроэлементов в корзинках подсолнечника однолетнего в зависимости от фазы вегетации. Из макроэлементов в наибольшем количестве в корзинках накапливались калий, кальций и магний. Содержание калия и кальция был максимальным в период цветения. Из микроэлементов в корзинках подсолнечника однолетнего в наибольшем количестве накапливались алюминий, железо, марганец, цинк. Содержание цинка, алюминия, железа и меди был максимальным в период бутонизации, а содержание марганца – начала цветения. Содержание тяжелых металлов находилось в пределах требований предельно допустимых концентраций для сырья и пищевых продуктов.

Ключевые слова: подсолнечник однолетний, минеральные вещества, макроэлементы, микроэлементы.

Summary

Sokolova O. The studying of accumulating dynamics of elements in anthodiums of annual sunflower.

For the first time the accumulating dynamics of macro- and microelements in anthodiums of annual sunflower depending on the phase of growth. Of macroelements in the largest amount in anthodiums accumulated potassium, calcium and magnesium. Potassium and calcium content was the highest in the period of blossoming. Of microelements in anthodiums of annual sunflower in the largest amount accumulated aluminum, iron , manganese and zinc. The content of zinc, aluminum, iron and copper was the highest during budding and manganese content - the beginning of blossoming. The heavy metal content is within the requirements of maximum allowable concentrations for raw materials and foodstuffs.

Key words: sunflower annual, minerals, macroelements, microelements.

Рецензент: д.фарм.н., доц. О.М. Кошевий

UDC 582.998.2:577118

THE STUDYING OF ACCUMULATING DYNAMICS OF ELEMENTS IN ANTHODIUMS OF ANNUAL SUNFLOWER

O.O.Sokolova

The National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv

1234osa4321@gmail.com

Introduction

The macro - and microelements are a part of the most important enzymes, vitamins and hormones and indirectly regulate the main functions of vegetables. Under their influence the plants become steadier against unfavorable conditions of environment, damages by diseases. They take part in metabolism reactions in a human body, in processes of secretion, hematopoietic, blood clotting. One of perspective herbs is annual sunflower, the seeds of which are used in the food industry, paper is received from the stalks of sunflower, potash is received from ashes and is used in a soap manufacture and as potash fertilizer. The anthodiums are used as a source of high-quality pectin.

The purpose of our work was the studying of accumulating dynamics of elements in anthodiums of annual sunflower during the vegetative period.

Materials and methods. The anthodiums of annual sunflower were being prepared for our research since the beginning of blossoming (June) till the mass fruiting (July) in Kharkiv region in 2013. The element analysis of raw materials was studied by means of a nuclear and emissive spectrometric method with photographic registration on the DFS-8 device which has three-lens system of a crack lightening and a grating diffraction 600 lines/mm.

Results and their discussions. Macroelements were being collected in the following order К>Са>Мg>P>Si>Na. During the period since a budding and till mass blossoming, the content of potassium was maximal and made up 2550mg/100g. Since the fruiting beginning till mass fruiting, its content were being decreased slightly and made up 2190mg/100g and 2100mg/100g correspondingly. Calcium contained in a significant amount, since the period of a budding and till mass blossoming, and during the fruiting the content of calcium was being decreased. In the maximal amount the content of magnesium was during the beginning of the blossoming period - 510mg/100g, and in minimal one it was during the mass blossoming - 380mg/100g. The content of phosphorus in the period of a budding and the beginning of blossoming - 205 and 210mg/100g. Microelements were being collected in the following order Al>Fe>Mn>Zn>Sr>Cu>Ni. The content of zinc was maximal in the period of a budding and made up 8,2mg/100g but during the period since the blossoming beginning till mass fruiting its contents had decreased twice. Aluminum in the maximal amount was being collected also in the period of a budding 31mg/100g, and in the period of the blossoming beginning its contents had decreased by 4,5 times (7mg/100g) and increased at the end of vegetation to 10mg/100g. In the period of a budding the manganese content made up 4,1mg/100g, and in the period of the beginning of blossoming it had increased by 2,2 times (9mg/100g). During the mass blossoming the manganese content had decreased by 4,5 times (2,1mg/100g) but during the fruiting it had increased again to 7mg/100g. The copper content was maximal in the period of a budding (3,3mg/100g), in the period of the fruiting beginning its contents was gradually being decreased to 1,8mg/100g, and during the mass fruiting the copper content had increased by 1,8 times and made up 2,8mg/100g. The heavy metals content was within the limits of allowable concentrations for raw materials and foodstuffs.

Conclusions. For the first time the accumulating dynamics of macro- and microelements in anthodiums of annual sunflower depending on the phase of growth. Of macroelements in the largest amount accumulated potassium, calcium and magnesium. Potassium and calcium content was the highest in the period of blossoming. Of microelements in the largest amount accumulated aluminum, iron , manganese and zinc. The content of zinc, aluminum, iron and copper was the highest during budding and manganese content - the beginning of blossoming. The heavy metal content is within the requirements of maximum allowable concentrations for raw materials and foodstuffs. The received results will be used at standardization of medicinal raw plant materials and development of substance with a certain pharmacological action.