Резюме
Струс О.Є.¹, Половко Н.П.², Малоштан Л.М.², Осолодченко Т.П.³ Дослідження властивостей сапропелю родовища Прибич.
Робота присвячена вивченню антимікробних властивостей та гострої токсичності сапропелю родовища Прибич (Шацького району Волинської області). За результатами мікробіологічних досліджень показано незначну антибактеріальну активність сапропелю до обраних тест-культур (Escherichia coli АТСС 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853, Basillus subtilis АТСС 6633, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636, Candida albicans АТСС 885/653). При визначенні показників гострої токсичності масляного та спиртового екстрактів сапропелю встановлено відсутність токсичної дії при нашкірному нанесенні.
Ключові слова: сапропель, мікробіологічні дослідження, токсичність.
Резюме
Струс О.Е., Половко Н.П., Малоштан Л.М., Осолодченко Т.П. Исследование свойств сапропеля месторождения Прибич.
Работа посвящена изучению антимикробных свойств и острой токсичности сапропеля месторождения Прибич (Шацкого района, Волынской области). На основании результатов микробиологических исследований установлена антибактериальная активность сапропеля к тест-культурам (Escherichia coli АТСС 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853, Basillus subtilis АТСС 6633, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636, Candida albicans АТСС 885/653). При определении показателей острой токсичности масляного и спиртового экстракта сапропеля установлено отсутствие токсического действия при накожном нанесении.
Ключевые слова: сапропель, микробиологические исследования, токсичность.
Summary
Strus O.E., Polovko N.P., Maloshtan L.M., Solodchenko Т.P. The study of the properties of sapropel deposits of Pribich.
The work is devoted to study of antimicrobial properties and acute toxicity of sapropel deposits of Pribich (Shatsky district, Volyn oblast). Based on the results of microbiological studies the antibacterial activity of sapropel to test cultures (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Basillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans). When defining indicators of acute toxicity of oil and alcoholic extract of sapropel no toxic action for cutaneous application.
Key words: sapropel, microbiological studies, toxicity.
Рецензент: д.фарм.н., проф. О.І. Набока

УДК 615.32:615.838.7:001.891.53

¹Львівський національний медичний університет ім. Данила Галицького

Львовский национальный медицинский университет имени Данила Галицкого

79010 г. Львов, ул. Пекарская, 69

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University

69 Pekarska str., Lviv, 79010, Ukraine

²Національний фармацевтичний університет (Харків)

Национальный фармацевтический университет (Харьков) 61002, г. Харьков, ул. Пушкинская, 53

National University of Pharmacy (Kharkov) Ukraine, 61002, Kharkov, 53, str. Pushkinska

³Інститут мікробіології і імунології ім. І.І. Мечникова НАМН (Харків)

Институт микробиологии и иммунологии им. И. И. Мечникова НАМН Украины (Харьков)

Mechnicov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" (Kharkiv)

polovko.nat@mail.ru

Introduction. Numerous studies have shown the possibility of the effective use of sapropels in medicine (balneology, pharmacology, mud therapy) [3,9,10].

Sapropels are applied in chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, peripheral and central nervous system, ailments of reproductive organs, digestive tract, ophthalmic, dermatological and other diseases [3,7,9,10].

Studies have proved that the sapropel treatment improves lymph- and blood circulation, strengthens the vascular wall, stimulates the function of the autonomic nervous system. Sapropels stimulate metabolic processes in the tissues by enhancing oxygen exchange, and exhibit a pronounced antibacterial effect, promote the activation of immune reactions in the body. Sapropels possess a tonic effect, increase the body’s resistance to disease, successfully cope with pathogenic flora of the mucous membranes, eliminate inflammation without damaging useful microflora; enrich the body with macro- and micronutrients, vitamins and amino acids, which are easily absorbed from the intestine [3,7,10].

 The purpose of the study. The aim of our research was to investigate the antimicrobial properties and acute toxicity of sapropel deposits from Prybych, Shatsky district, Volyn region.

Materials and methods of the research. Antimicrobial activity of sapropel and its saline, the latter was obtained by pressing of sapropel, were assayed by the agar diffusion method in the Laboratory of micro-organisms and culture media biochemistry of I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of National Academy of Medical Sciences. According to the WHO recommendations for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity were used the following test strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 , Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 , Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 , Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 , Candida albicans ATCC 885/ 653 [ 1.2 ].

In assessing of the antibacterial agents were used the following criteria: absence of zones around the wells for microbial growth inhibition or occurrence of zone areas up to 10 mm indicate that the microorganism is not sensitive to the drug, growth zone areas of diameter 10-15 mm – a low sensitivity of a test culture, 15-25 mm ones are regarded as an indicator of the sensitivity of the microorganism, and over 25 mm indicate a high sensitivity of microorganisms to investigated drugs. [2]

For acute toxicity studies were used oil extract (1:5) and alcoholic extract of sapropel (1:5, 40% ethanol as an extractant), obtained by maceration. The acute toxicity of the extracts was assayed after dermal application to rats [11 ]. Assessment of toxicity was performed by the standard classification of K.K. Sidorov [11 ].

 All obtained results were processed using a program Statistica 5,0 for Windows. Statistical analysis of the results of research was carried out using Student's coefficient (t) and the Wilcoxon - Mann -Whitney test [ 8].

Experimental animals were maintained in standard laboratory conditions in accordance with sanitary standards and requirements of GLP. All experiments were performed in full accordance with "The General ethical principles of animal experiments" which comply with the provisions of the "European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals, used for experimental and other scientific purposes" [ 5,6].

Received results and discussion

Results of the study of antibacterial activity of test samples, presented in the Table 1, indicate a slight antibacterial activity of the investigated sapropel to selected test cultures (except of Staphylococcus aureus). The sapropel saline does not exhibit antibacterial activity to the subjected test samples, but shows a low activity against Candida albicans.

Table 1

Antibacterial activity of test samples

According to the methodological recommendations for the study of new drugs, compulsory characteristics comprise toxicity studies in order to assess its sefety. More effective and safer drugs have the higher possibilities for its application in medical practice.

The next stage of our research was to investigate the acute toxicity of sapropel extracts. Considering the further application of sapropel as an external remedy, we studied the possible toxic effects of its extracts after a single cutaneous application [11]. The acute toxicity of oil and ethanol extracts of sapropel were assayed on white rats (6 animals, of each sex), for which samples were deposited once on sheared skin areas at the maximum dose for the fourth level of toxicity, considering the route of administration (2810 mg / kg ) [11 ]. The research results are presented in the Table 2.

During a 2-week experiment, there have been no dies of any animals and manifestations of intoxication. Reflex excitability and integument after a single application of sapropel extracts were unchanged in all animals.

Results of the carried out investigation indicate the absence of toxic effects of sapropel oil and ethanol extracts after single cutaneous application to rats.

Table 2

Study for acute toxicity of sapropel extracts in rats with cutaneous application, n = 6

Therefore, considering results of carried out research, in accordance with generally accepted classification of K.K. Sydorov [13 ], the investigated sapropel extracts belong to the fourth level of low-toxic substances (LD > 2810 mg / kg).

Conclusions

1. The results of microbiological studies have shown a slight antibacterial activity of sapropel against selected test cultures (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 , Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 , Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 , Candida albicans ATCC 885/ 653).
2. Within the determination of the acute toxicity of the oil and alcoholic solutions of sapropel in cutaneous application, there has been found absence of toxic action that allowed assigning them to a class of low-toxic compounds (IVth level of toxicity).
3. The received results show the expediency for the further studies of sapropel and extracts on its basis.

Література

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