Резюме
Єфіменко О.Ю., Савченко Ю.О., Кабанов О.В., Фалалєєва Т.М., Берегова Т.В. Особливості моторної функції товстої кишки у щурів різного віку.
Метою роботи було дослідити спонтанну та стимульовану моторику товстої кишки у щурів різних вікових груп. Спонтанну та стимульовану активність товстої кишки у щурів реєстрували за допомогою балонографічного методу. Встановлено, що частота спонтанних скорочень товстої кишки у старих щурів була на 25,6+1,1% (p=0,044, n=10) менше, ніж у молодих. Амплітуда спонтанних скорочень у щурів старечого віку також була на 34,3+1,7% (p=0,035, n=10) меншою. Карбахолін не впливав на частоту скорочень  товстої кишки у щурів обох вікових груп, але збільшував амплітуду скорочень. Амплітуда стимульованих скорочень у старих щурів була меншою в порівнянні з молодими на 25,3+1,1% (p=0,046, n=10). У старих щурів індекс моторної активності (ІМА) товстої кишки був нижчим, ніж у молодих, а саме – на 14,1+2,1% (р=0,041, n=10). ІМА стимульованих скорочень у старих щурів був меншим, ніж у молодих на 15,2+1,7% (р=0,032, n=10). Фазний індекс спонтанних і стимульованих скорочень у старих щурів був меншим відповідно на  16,4+2,4% (р=0,048, n=10) і 17,2+2,1% (р=0,042, n=10). Таким чином, з віком знижується моторна активність товстої кишки, очевидно за рахунок втрати парасимпатичної чутливості гладенькими м’язами.
Ключові слова: спонтанна та стимульована моторна активність, товста кишка.
Резюме
Ефименко Е.Ю., Савченко Ю.А., Кабанов А.В., Фалалеева Т.М., Береговая Т.В. Особенности моторной функции толстой кишки у крыс разного возраста.
Целью работы было исследовать спонтанную и стимулированную моторику толстой кишки у крыс разных возрастных групп. Спонтанную и стимулированную активность толстой кишки у крыс разного возраста регистрировали  с помощью баллонографического метода. Установлено, что частота спонтанных сокращений толстой кишки у старых крыс была на 25,6+1,1% (p = 0,044, n = 10) меньше, чем у молодых. Амплитуда спонтанных сокращений у крыс старческого возраста также была на 34,3+1,7% (p = 0,035, n = 10) меньше. Карбахолин не влиял на частоту сокращений толстой кишки у крыс обеих возрастных групп, но увеличивал амплитуду сокращений. Амплитуда стимулированных сокращений у старых крыс была меньше по сравнению с молодыми на 25,3+1,1% (p = 0,046, n = 10). У старых крыс индекс моторной активности (ИМА) толстой кишки был ниже, чем у молодых, а именно - на 14,1+2,1% (р = 0,041, n = 10). ИМА стимулированных сокращений у старых крыс был меньше, чем у молодых на 15,2+1,7% (р = 0,032, n = 10). Фазный индекс спонтанных и стимулированных сокращений у старых крыс был меньше соответственно на 16,4+2,4% (р = 0,048, n = 10) и 17,2+2,1% (р = 0,042, n = 10). Таким образом, с возрастом снижается моторная активность толстой кишки, очевидно за счет потери парасимпатической чувствительности гладкими мышцами.
Ключевые слова: спонтанная и стимулированная моторная активность, толстая кишка
Summary
Iefimenko O.Yu., Savchenko I.O., Kabanov O.V., Falalyeyeva T.M., Beregova T.V. Features of the motor function of the colon in rats of different age.
The aim of the study was to investigate the spontaneous and stimulated motility of the colon in rats of different age groups. We have studied the spontaneous and stimulated motor activity of the colon by balloonographic method in rats of different ages. It was established that the frequency of spontaneous contractions of the colon reduced  by 25,6+1,1% (p = 0,044, n = 10) in old rats than in the young. The amplitude of spontaneous contractions in elderly rats decreased by 34,3+1,7% (p = 0,035, n = 10). Carbachol did not affect the frequency of colon contractions in rats of both age groups, but it increased the amplitude of contractions. The amplitude of the stimulated contractions decreased in old rats compared with young by 25,3+1,1% (p = 0,046, n = 10). In old rats the index of motor activity (IMA) of the colon lowered than in young by 14.1+2.1% (p = 0,041, n = 10). IMA of stimulated contractions was smaller in old rats than in young by 15.2+1.7% (p = 0,032, n = 10). Phase index of spontaneous and stimulated contractions in old rats was lower, respectively, by 16.4+2.4% (p = 0,048, n = 10) and 17.2+2.1% (p = 0,042, n = 10). Thus, the motor activity of the colon reduced with age, apparently due the loss of smooth muscles the parasympathetic sensitivity.
Key words: spontaneous and induced motor activity, colon.

Рецензент: к. біол. н. К.О. Дворщенко

УДК 612.367+577.7

Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка

Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

elena_sinica@ukr.net, ysavchenko@mail.ru, tfalalyeyeva@mail.ru, tberegova@mail.ru

 Introduction. The structure and activities of various human organs and systems changes in the process of aging. No exception and motor function of the colon. The problem of age-related changes of the motility of the colon has been widely discussed in the scientific literature, but there are no definite opinions. Some authors consider that motor function of the digestive tract changes with age. It was shown that in elderly slows transit time of radio-labeled particles in the colon, decreased the amplitude of the contractions, compared with young. Whereas other authors did not receive any statistically significant changes of the colon motility with age.

     So, the aim of the study was to investigate the spontaneous and stimulated motility of the colon in rats of different age groups.

     Methods. The investigations were carried out on 20 rats of two aged groups: 3 and 24 month old.  We have studied the spontaneous and stimulated motor activity of the colon by balloonographic method in rats of different ages. The animals were anesthetized urethane (Sigma, USA) (1,1 g/kg, intraperitoneally). Then we performed tracheotomy, and injected the catheter with latex spray into the colon, which is filled with water temperature 37 ^oC. The water were injected into the colon of young animals 0,5 ml, for old rats – 0,7 ml. The pressure was the same in all experiments after the administration of fluid. The spontaneous motor activity was registered during 60 min after that we injected the agonist of acetylcholine receptors - carbachol (0,01 mg / kg, intraperitoneally) and continue the recording during 90 min. We counted the frequency, amplitude, the index of motor activity and phase index of contractions for a minute.

     Results. It was established that the frequency of spontaneous contractions of the colon reduced by 25,6+1,1% (p=0,044, n=10) in old rats than in the young. The amplitude of spontaneous contractions in elderly rats decreased by 34,3+1,7% (p = 0,035, n = 10). Carbachol did not affect the frequency of colon contractions in rats of both age groups, but it increased the amplitude of contractions. The amplitude of the stimulated contractions decreased in old rats compared with young by 25,3+1,1% (p = 0,046, n = 10).

     In old rats the index of motor activity (IMA) of the colon  was lowered than in young by 14,1+2,1% (p = 0,041, n = 10). Carbachol increased the motor activity of the colon in both age groups. The reaction on carbachol was lower in old rats than in young by 15,2+1,7% (p = 0,032, n = 10).

     The analysis of contractile activity of the colon showed that the phase index of spontaneous contractions in young rats was 0,55 ± 0,02 cm water column * min (n= 10), whereas in the old rats - 0,46 ± 0,02 cm water column * min (n = 10). So, in old rats the phase index decreased by 16,4 2,4% (p=0,048, n=10). In young rats the phase index was 3,5±0,2 cm water column * min (n = 10) and in old rats it amounted 2,9±0,03 cm water column * min (n = 10). So, phase index of stimulated contractions in old rats was decreased by 17,2+2,1% (p = 0,042, n = 10).

     Conclusion. Thus, the motor activity of the colon reduced with age, apparently due the loss of smooth muscles the parasympathetic sensitivity. The establishment of the mechanisms of aging disorders of motor function of the digestive tract will allow developing the methods of their correction and treatment.

Література

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References

1. Sun, X. M. Wang, Z. and Fang, X. (2014), “Characteristics of esophageal motility in patients with non-erosive reflux disease and reflux esophagitis”, Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, vol. 94(22), pp. 1718-1721.  
2. Yu, S.W. and Rao, S.S. (2014), “Anorectal physiology and pathophysiology in the elderly”, Clin Geriatr Med, vol. 30(1), pp.95-106.
3. Rayner, C.K. and Horowitz, M. (2013), “Physiology of the aging gut”, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, vol. 16, pp.33–38.
4. Madsen, J.L. (1992), “Effects of gender, age, and body mass index on gastrointestinal transit times”, Dig. Dis. Sci, vol. 37(10), pp. 1548-1553.
5. Madsen, J.L. and Graff, J. (2004), “Effects of ageing on gastrointestinal motor function”, Age Ageing, vol. 33(2), pp. 154-159.
6. Di Lorenzo, C. Flores, A.F. and Hyman, P.E. (1995), “Age-related changes in colon motility”, J. Pediatr, vol. 127(4), pp. 593-596.
7. Brogna, A. Ferrara, R. and Bucceri A.M. (1999), “Influence of aging on gastrointestinal transit time. An ultrasonographic and radiologic study”, Invest. Radiol, vol. 34, pp. 357-359.
8. Meir, R. Beglinger, C. and Dederding, J.P. (1992), “[Age- and sex-specific standard values of colonic transit time in healthy subjects]”, Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr, vol. 122(24), pp. 940-943.
9. Zádori, Z.S. Fehér, Á. Al-Khrasani, M. and Lackó, E. (2013), “Imidazoline versus alpha₂-adrenoceptors in the control of gastric motility in mice”, Eur  J Pharmacol, vol. 705(1-3), pp. 61-67.
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11. Abalo, R. Vera, G. Rivera, A.J. and Martín, M.I. (2007), “Age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract: a functional and immunohistochemical study in guinea-pig ileum”, Life Sci, vol. 80(26), pp. 2436-45.
12. Bitar, K. Meerveld, B. and Saad, R. (2011), “Aging and gastrointestinal neuromuscular function: insights from within and outside the gut”, Neurogastroenterol. Motil, vol. 23(6), pp. 490-501.
13. Gomez-Pinilla, P. J. (2011), “Changes in Interstitial Cells of Cajal with Age in the Human Stomach and Colon” , Neurogastroenterol. Motil, vol. 23, pp. 36–44.
14. El-Salhy, M. Sandström, O. and Holmlund, F. (1999), “Age-induced changes in the enteric nervous system in the mouse”, Mech. Ageing. Dev., vol. 107(1), pp. 93-103.
15. Wadel, P. R. Cowen, T. (2004), “Neurodegeneration: a key factor in the ageing gut”,  Neurogastroenterology & Motility, vol. 16, pp. 19–23.
16. Takayanagi I. (1994), “[Effects of aging on drug receptor mechanisms in smooth muscles]”, Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi, vol. 104(3), pp.163-175.