Резюме
Майстренко М.І., Бучацький Л.П. Біологія герпесвірусів риб.
Згідно з новою класифікацією, герпесвіруси риб належать до родини Alloherpesviridae порядку Herpesvirales. Ці віруси являють собою важливу групу патогенів риб, деякі з них є онкогенними. Найбільш вивченими серед аллогерпесвірусів є два віруси: CyHV3 та IcHV1. Дослідження цих вірусів показало, що вони мають багато спільних рис з іншими герпесвірусами в механізмах реплікації, в проявах латентності в своїх хазяїнах і залежності репродукції від температури. Морфологія вібріонів і організація геномів герпесвірусів риб подібна до такої у вірусів вищих хребетних, проте філогенетична спорідненість між ними незначна. Герпесвіруси риб викликають захворювання від помірної інфекції до сильної, яка спричиняє значну смертність. Вірус коі, наприклад, викликає значну смертність у коі та у коропа звичайного та завдає значних збитків в аквакультурі. Метою даної роботи був аналіз біологічних властивостей герпесвірусів риб для кращого розуміння їх функцій і недопущення поширення цих вірусів в аквакультурі.
Ключові слова: герпесвіруси, риби, хвороби, біологічні властивості

Резюме
Майстренко М.И., Бучацкий Л.П. Биология герпесвирусов рыб.
Согласно новой классификации, герпесвирусы рыб принадлежат к семейству Alloherpesviridae порядка Herpesvirales. Эти вирусы представляют собой важную группу патогенов рыб, некоторые из них являются онкогенными. Наиболее изученными среди аллогерпесвирусов являются два вируса: CyHV3 и IcHV1. Исследование этих вирусов показало, что они имеют много общих черт с другими герпесвирусами в механизмах репликации, в проявлениях латентности в своих хазяевах и зависимости репродукции от температуры. Морфология вирионов и организация геномов герпесвирусов рыб подобна такой у вирусов высших хребетних, однако филогенетическое родство между ними незначительно. Герпесвирусы рыб вызывают заболевание от умеренной инфекции до сильной, которая вызывает значительную смертность. Вирус кои, например, вызывает значительную смертность у кои и у карпа обыкновенного и наносит значительные убытки в аквакультуре. Целью данной работы был анализ биологических свойств герпесвирусов рыб для лучшего понимания их функций и недопущения распространения этих вирусов в аквакультуре.
Ключевые слова: герпесвирусы, рыбы, болезни, биологические свойства.

Summary
Maistrenko M.S., Buchatsky L.P. Biology of fish herpesviruses
In accordance with new taxonomy, fish herpesviruses belong to the family Alloherpesviridae in the order Herpesvirales. This viruses represent an important group of pathogens affecting fish and some of these viruses are oncogenic. CyHV3 and IcHV1 are the two most characterized of the alloherpesviruses. Examination of these two viruses shows that they share basic replication traits, they both establish latency in their host and temperature is an import factor in regulating host-pathogen interaction.The virion morphology and genome organization of fish herpesviruses are generally similar to those of higher vertebrates, but the phylogenetic connections between herpes families are small. Fish herpesviruses can induce diseases ranging from mild, inapparent infections to serious ones that cause mass mortality. Koi herpesvirus is the causative agent of lethal diseases in koi and common carp and cause significant losses in aquaculture. The aim of this work was to summarize about fish herpesvirus diseases to better understand how these viruses function, spread and cause disease so we can better control them in aquaculture.
Key words: herpesviruses, fish, diseases, biological property.

Рецензент: д.б.н. Л.Т. Міщенко

УДК 576.858

Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка

Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко

Украина, 01601, г. Киев, ул. Владимирская, 64/13

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

64/13, Volodymyrska Street, City of Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601

irido1@bigmir.net

Herpesviridae is the name of a family of enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses with relatively large complex genomes. They replicate in the nucleus of a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including eight varieties isolated in humans, several each in horses, cattle, mice, pigs, chickens, turtles, lizards, fish, and even in some invertebrates, such as oysters. 

CyHV-3 and IcHV1 are members of the Herpesvirales order and newly designated Alloherpesviridae family. Alloherpesviridae viruses infect fish and amphibians. It is considered, that the common ancestors of this family have diverged from the common ancestors of the family Herpesviridae. CyHV-3 has the largest genome among viruses in the Herpesvirales order and serves as a model for mutagenesis of large DNA viruses. Common and koi carp are the only species known to be affected by CyHV-3 infection.  Like other alloherpesviruses IcHV1 is very host specific. Natural outbreaks of CCVD have only been reported in channel catfish, the closely related blue catfish  and channel × blue catfish hybrids.

All herpesvirus virions have four structural elements: core capsid, tegument, envelope.Yet, many of the biological processes of members of the Herpesvirales order are similar. Herpesvirus genomes range in length from 120 to 230 kbp with base composition from 31% to 75% G+C content and contain 60 to 120 genes.     Transcription, genome replication, and capsid assembly occur in the host cell nucleus. Genes are replicated in a specific order: (1) immediate-early genes, which encode regulatory proteins; (2) early genes; (3) late genes. The tegument and envelope are acquired as the virion buds out through the nuclear membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. Virions are transported to the cell membrane via the Golgi complex, and the host cell dies as mature virions are released. Alternatively, in selected cell types, the virus may be maintained in a latent state. The latent viral genome may reactivate at any time.

Fish herpesviruses can induce diseases ranging from mild, inapparent infections to serious ones that cause mass mortality. Koi herpesvirus is the causative agent of lethal diseases and cause significant losses in aquaculture.

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